Microsoft is the company which develops operating systems for personal computers from 1981. However in the 1990's something awesome happened to PC's , that was Internet!! It was so awesome that every customer started buying PC's just to use internet. Microsoft was more than happy to sell more of their products-mainly Windows and Office-on these PCs.
However as the number of Internet users increased the content on the internet also increased. Now everyone needed a tool to find what they wanted more quickly and accurately. Here comes the "Do-No-Evil" Google. Basically, google is a web search engine which searches the internet for what you queried. As the content grew, Google 'crawled' the web more and found results more quickly and Google too grew with time.
There were a lot of search engines before Google but none of them were better in searching millions (now billions) of web pages within seconds accurately to find what you want. One such 'other' search engine was 'MSN search' by Microsoft. But sadly it was very bad. Also some users went with other options like Yahoo , AOL etc... and all of these had one thing in common , that was, Google was better than them :P .
So, come 2005 Microsoft realized that they need a search engine which can compete with Google, hence they start developing a new search engine called 'Live Search' which eventually is re-released as 'Bing' in 2009. Now to the point why do Microsoft need Bing? Cant they tell everyone to use Google. Now there is a problem with that.
Now consider this scenario - One day Google gets very angry at Microsoft for some reason and decides to do something Evil. They decide to not allow people to search from Windows platform!! I know this is really evil of Google. But say if they allow Mac and Linux users to search but not Windows. Yes, Google will be losing a lot of market-share to its competitors but at the same time Microsoft will be losing its already slipping PC market-share.This is so unacceptable for Microsoft. So Microsoft put their own search engine product Microsoft Bing!
Though Bing was introduced with so much expectations it didn't deliver as expected . In short it was not a 'Google-Killer'. But it was not that bad either. Bing found a lot of fans (bing accounts 10% of searches). But this was more than what Microsoft signed on for. They wanted an alternative for Google and they got it. But as we say it wasn't a Google-Killer. The market-share of Bing is the lost market-share of other search-engines like Yahoo!.
Google too isn't an all happy enterprise! It has its fears. It also fears of Microsoft becoming Evil . Google as a search-engine company has built itself a huge Kingdom on the Internet. Now that can be pretty dangerous. Just imagine the plight of Google when ,say, the internet is down for a month (i said imagine, remember). Or, say users cant access Google's site because Internet Explorer crashes(something familiar huh? :P ) whenever the address bar reads anything Google . Now when we look at the statistics we see IE holds a large but decreasing market-share of nearly 70% browser market. If this ever happens then 70% of the world wont be using Google anymore which means 70% less money Google makes. Of course this is most horrible for Google. So what they do is develop their own web browser- Google Chrome!
Chrome was released with very simple interface, no cluttering, no crashes, faster searches and open-source. Chrome was an hit among browsers. Google stuck to their basic formula - do everything a little faster and simpler. Chrome starting gaining browser market-share steadily eating away the pie of IE.
Microsoft brought Bing against Google and it failed.But Microsoft understood that the Internet-search market cannot be underestimated once again. Hence it has partnered Yahoo! in order to fight the Giant G.
However Google Chrome is used by Google to emphasize the fact of openness and the use of better technologies on web like HTML 5.